Cells

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One of the most important distinguishing features of plant cells is the presence of a cell wall, a which serves a variety of functions.

The cell wall protects the cellular contents; gives rigidity to the plant structure; provides a porous medium for the circulation and distribution of water, minerals, and other small nutrient molecules; and contains specialized molecules that regulate growth and protect the plant from disease. A structure of great tensile strength, the cell wall is formed from fibrils of cellulose molecules, embedded in a water-saturated matrix of polysaccharides and structural glycoproteins. .

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Vacuoles and vesicles are storage organelles in cells. Vacuoles are larger than vesicles. Either structure may store water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials. In plant cells, the vacuole may take up most of the cell's volume.

The membrane surrounding the plant cell vacuole is called the tonoplast.

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Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissues come in three basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar. These three types of tissue are seen in either simple (only one cell layer thick) or stratified (many cells in thickness) arrangements.

The Simple Epithelial Tissue Types

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The Stratified Epithelial Tissue Type

It is called pseudostratified due to the differing heights of the cells and the nuclei within the cells, making the epithelium look as if it is multilayered (stratified). The prefix, "pseudo" means "fake" or "not real", so pseudostratified literally means, "not really multilayered."

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Palisade mesophyll is a tissue made up of many similar cells

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