Cells

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Golgi complex

It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER.

Just like our postal packages which should have a correct shipping address, the proteins produced in the ER, should be correctly sent to their respective address.

In the cell, shipping and sorting done by the Golgi complex. It is a very important step in protein synthesis.

If the Golgi complex makes a mistake in shipping the proteins to the right address, certain functions in the cell may stop.

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Ribosomes

Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes are made up of two parts, called subunits.

They get their names from their size. One unit is larger than than the other so they are called large and small subunits.

Both these subunits are necessary for protein synthesis in the cell. When the two units are docked together with a special information unit called messenger RNA, they make proteins.

Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere in the body.

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The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane.Different kinds of cell membrane models have been proposed, and one of the most useful is the Fluid-mosaic model. In this model the membrane is seen as a bilayer of phospholipids in which protein molecules are embedded.

An illustration of the Fluid mosaic model

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Channels/pores

A channel in the cell's plasma membrane. This channel is made up of certain proteins whose function is to control the movement of food and water into the cell. These channels are made up of certain proteins.

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Vesicles

This term literally means "small vessel". This organelle helps store and transport products produced by the cell.

The vesicles are the transport and delivery vehicles like our mail and Federal Express trucks. Some vesicles deliver materials to parts of the cell and others transport materials outside the cell in a process called exocytosis

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Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling compartment.

Lysosomes receive cellular and endocytosed proteins and lipids that need digesting. The metabolites that result are transported either by vesicles or directly across the membrane.