Transplantation Immunology

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Some immunosuppressants are also used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases:

Azathioprine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , chronic ulcerative colitis but limited value.

Cyclosporin is used in heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow and heart/lung transplantation. Also used to treat psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and myesthenia gravis.

Glatiramer acetate is used in treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Mycophenolate is used along with cyclosporin in kidney, liver and heart transplants. Also used to prevent the kidney problems associated with lupus erythematosus.

Sirolimus in combination with cyclosporin and corticosteroids, in kidney transplants. The drug is also used for the treatment of psoriasis.

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Immunosuppressive Therapy

Monoclonal antibodies

To suppress the activity of subpopulation of T-cells.

To block co-stimulatory signals.

Ab to the CD3 molecule of TCR (T cell receptor) complex results in a rapid depletion of mature T-cells from the circulation.

Ab specific for the high-affinity IL-2 receptor is expressed only on activated T-cell, blocks proliferation of T-cells activated in response to the alloantigens of the graft.

To treat donor’s bone marrow before it is transplanted.

Molecules present on particular T-cells subpopulation may also be targeted for immunosuppressive therapy.

Antibody to CD4 shown to prolong graft survival.

Ab specific for implicated cytokine can prolong the survival of graft.

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Conclusion

More than 50,000 people, waiting for compatible donor. For ethical an practical reasons, species closely related to human such as Chimpanzee have not been widely used.

Xenogeneic transplantation may be major issue of research xenograft technology including genetically modified animal may become a new source of organ supply.

Side effects of immunosuppressive agent use for graft need a change of specificity in action and avoiding general immune suppression.

Techniques such as transgenic animal production and wide range of research in this field hope to result in opening a new window for the process of transplantation immunology.

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References

Immunology by – Janis Kuby

Immunology by – Abdul Abbas

Immunology by – Roitt

Fundamental Immunology by – William E. Paul

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Thank you !