Transplantation Immunology

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Seminar on Transplantation Immunology: Organ and Tissue Transplantation Immunosuppressive Agents, Immunosuppressive Therapy.

By

Mr.Pratap J. Patle

Deptt. Of Zoology

R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur

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Contents

Introduction

Immunology of Transplant Rejection

Tissue and Organ Transplantation

Immunosuppressive Agents

Immunosuppressive Therapy

Conclusion

References

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Introduction

Transplantation immunology - sequence of events that occurs after an allograft or xenograft is removed from donor and then transplanted into a recipient.

A major limitation to the success of transplantation is the immune response of the recipient to the donor tissue.

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Types of Transplant

Autograft is self-tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual.

Isograft is tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals.

Allograft is tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species.

Xenograft is tissue transferred between different species

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Immunology of Transplant Rejection

Components of the Immune system involved in graft Rejection :

1) Antigen presenting cells –

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

Activated B Cells

2) B cells and antibodies –

Preformed antibodies

Natural antibodies

Preformed antibodies from prior sensatization

Induced antibodies

3) T cells

4) Other cells –

Natural killer cells

T cells that express NK cell – associated Markers

Monocytes/Macrophages

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The Immunology of Allogeneic Transplantation

Recognition of transplanted cells that are self or foreign is determined by polymorphic genes (MHC) that are inherited from both parents and are expressed co-dominantly.

Alloantigens elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

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Recognition of Alloantigens

Direct Presentation

Recognition of an intact MHC molecule displayed by donor APC in the graft

Basically, self MHC molecule recognizes the structure of an intact allogeneic MHC molecule

Involves both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.

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Indirect Presentation

Donor MHC is processed and presented by recipient APC