Direct heat utilization of geothermal energy

Page
2

Slide 12

Rotary drilling

Cable drilling

Slide 13

Wells Pumps

Lineshaft – motor on surface (most common in the US) (often used with variable frequency drive) <250 m

Submersible – motor below water (most common in Europe)

Two types used:

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Heat Exchangers

Shell and tube

Plate

Downhole

Room heat convectors

Slide 17

Plate heat exchanger

Slide 18

Downhole heat exchanger

Slide 19

Slide 20

Piping (1)

Above ground

Below ground

Problems

- Metallic - external corrosion – if direct buried

- Non-metallic <100°C

Location

Slide 21

Piping (2)

Carbon steel >100oC

Expansion loops or bellows

FRP or PVC <100oC – Fiberglass reinforced plastic and polyvinylchloride

AC – Asbestos cement

Environmental limitation

Longest = Deildartunga – Akranes, Iceland at 62 km

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) good to 90oC and 550 Pa (5.5 bar) – used for snow melting

Material

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Swimming, Bathing and Balneology (1)

Main Users (past and present)

Romans

Chinese

Ottomans (Turks)

Japanese

Central Europeans

American Indians (Mexico and USA regions)

Slide 25

Swimming, Bathing and Balneology (2)

Spa, Belgium

Originator of the name

Resort town

Japan

2200 hot springs

100 million guests per year

Beppu

Most famous hot springs city

New Zealand – Rotorua

WWII – Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Slide 26

Swimming, Bathing and Balneology (3)

Former Czechoslovakia