Biochemistry of Cells

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Each DNA nucleotide has one of the following bases:

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)

Slide 71

Nucleotide Monomers

Form long chains called DNA

Backbone

Nucleotide

Bases

DNA strand

Nucleotides are joined by sugars & phosphates on the side

Slide 72

DNA

Two strands of DNA join together to form a double helix

Base

pair

Double helix

Slide 73

RNA – Ribonucleic Acid

Ribose sugar has an extra –OH or hydroxyl group

It has the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

Nitrogenous base

(A,G,C, or U)

Sugar (ribose)

Phosphate

group

Uracil

Slide 74

ATP – Cellular Energy

ATP is used by cells for energy

Adenosine triphosphate

Made of a nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups

Slide 75

ATP – Cellular Energy

Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP

The last 2 phosphate bonds are HIGH ENERGY

Breaking the last phosphate bond releases energy for cellular work and produces ADP and a free phosphate

ADP (adenosine Diphosphate) can be rejoined to the free phosphate to make more ATP

Slide 76

Summary of Key Concepts

Slide 77

Macromolecules

Slide 78

Macromolecules

Slide 79

End