Ch 9 Nuclear Radiation

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Slide 1

Ch 9 - Nuclear Radiation

Nuclear Emissions

Nuclear Equations

Producing Radioactive Isotopes

Half-Life

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Uses & Effects

Slide 2

Review

Remember

Protons: + charge

Neutrons: neutral

Electrons: - charge

atomic symbol

atomic number number of protons

mass number number of protons and neutrons

Nuclear Symbols – notice mass number is on top

Slide 3

Nuclear Emissions

Radiation comes from the nucleus of an atom.

Unstable nucleus emits a particle or energy  alpha

 beta

 gamma

non-radioactive particle = neutron

Slide 4

Alpha Particle

Same as a helium nucleus

(He)

4

2 He or 

Two protons

Two neutrons

Slide 5

Beta Particle 

An electron emitted from the nucleus

0

e or 

1

A neutron in the nucleus breaks down

1 1 0

n H + e

0 1 -1

Slide 6

Gamma  Radiation

Pure radiation

Like an X-ray but comes from the nucleus

Slide 7

Radiation Protection

Shielding

alpha – paper, clothing

beta – lab coat, gloves

gamma- lead, thick concrete

Limit time exposed

Keep distance from source

Slide 8

Radiation Protection

Slide 9

Nuclear Equations

In the reactants and products

Atomic numbers must balance

and

Mass numbers must balance

Slide 10

Alpha decay

Slide 11

Beta decay

234Th ® 234Pa + 0e

90 91 1

beta particle

Slide 12

Gamma radiation

No change in atomic or mass number

11B 11B + 0 

5 5 0

boron atom in a

high-energy state

Slide 13