Introduction to the Plant Kingdom

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Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones

Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds

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Gymnosperms

Coniferophyta are known as conifers

Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir

Cycadophyta – cycads

Ginkgophyta - ginkgo

Ginkgo

Cycad

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Gymnosperms

Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine

Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood

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Angiosperms

Flowering plants

Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary

Ovary is within a flower

Flower contains the male (stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant

Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds)

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Angiosperms

Division Anthophyta

Subdivided into two groups – Monocots and Dicots

Monocots have a single seed cotyledon

Dicots have two seed cotyledons

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Monocots

Parallel venation in leaves

Flower parts in multiples of 3

Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem

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Dicots

Net venation in leaves

Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem

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Plant Uses

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Why We Can’t do Without Plants!

Produce oxygen for the atmosphere

Produce lumber for building

Provide homes and food for many organisms

Prevent erosion

Used for food

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More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!

Produce wood pulp for paper products

Source of many medicines

Ornamental and shade for yards

Fibers such as cotton for fabric

Dyes

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