First world war

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Anti-German feeling emerged with the outbreak of the war, and many Germans living in Australia were sent to internment camps.

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Censorship and surveillance, regarded by many as an excuse to silence political views that had no effect on the outcome of war, increased as the conflict continued.

Social division also grew, reaching a climax in the bitterly contested (and unsuccessful) conscription referendums held in 1916 and 1917.

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When the war ended, thousands of ex-servicemen, many disabled with physical or emotional wounds, had to be re-integrated into a society keen to consign the war to the past and resume normal life.

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Heroes of first world war

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia: The June 28, 1914, assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip set off a chain of events that ended in the outbreak of World War I.

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General Douglas Haig: Haig commanded British forces at the Battle of the Somme, losing 60,000 men on the first day. By the end of the campaign, the Allies had lost more than 600,000 men--and advanced fewer than eight miles. Haig rebounded with success in 1918, but remains one of the most controversial generals of the war.

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Kaiser Wilhelm II: A fierce militarist, Wilhelm II encouraged aggressive Austro-Hungarian diplomatic policies following the assasination of Franz Ferdinand. The Kaiser was nominally in charge of the German army, but the real power lay with his generals. As World War I drew to a close, he was forced to abdicate in 1918 .

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General John J. Pershing: A graduate of West Point and a veteran of the Battle of San Juan Hill, "Black Jack" Pershing was named commander of the American Expeditionary Force when the United States entered World War I in April 1917.

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General Pershing and Staff: General Pershing initially resisted efforts to combine American troops with British and French forces, but after the Meuse-Argonne offensive failed to break the stalemate on the Western Front, a joint Allied command was launched. In November 1918, an armistice finally put an end to the fighting.

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