The Beginnings of Industrialization

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Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England

Industrialization—move to machine production of goods

Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors

Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment

Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital

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Inventions Spur Industrialization

Changes in the Textile Industry

Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies

Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels

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Spinning Jenny

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“Carding” is a mechanical process that breaks up locks and unorganized clumps of fiber and then aligns the individual fibers so that they are more or less parallel with each other. This enabled them to be more easily spun into thread. The old method was done by hand using these tools.

carding machine-replaces the hand process of combing out the fibers before they can be spun into yarn or thread.

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Inventions Spur Industrialization

Power loom, and spinning mule (next slide) speed up production, improve quality.

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Inventions Spur Industrialization

Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing

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Inventions Spur Industrialization

Cotton gin boosts American cotton production to meet British demand

"The First Cotton Gin" - An engraving from Harper's Magazine, 1869. This carving depicts a roller gin, which preceded Whitney's invention.

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James Watt

Improvements in Transportation

Watt’s Steam Engine