Plant Divisions

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Spores form inside the capsule.

Notice the problem of nutrient separation into air and soil is solved with underground and above ground parts. (Although NO TRUE roots, stems or leaves are present)

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Tracheophytes -Vascular Plants-

Contains two types of specialized vascular tissues for transport within the plant:

Xylem- transports H20 up from roots.

Phloem- transports food made during photosynthesis and nutrients to where they are needed in the plant.

Presence of a vascular system allowed plants to become tall.

Has specialized organs: roots, stems, and leaves.

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Tracheophytes are divided into two groups by whether or not they reproduce with seeds.

Tracheophytes

Seedless

Seeded

Ferns use spores

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Contain a vascular system.

They grow in moist, shady habitats.

Has underground stems, roots, & large leaves called fronds.

Reproduce using spores, Not seeds.

The Fern - a seedless vascular plant

There are 11,000 species of ferns.

Sori

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ADVANTAGE: Developed reproductive strategies that do not need water:

Seed contains

A fully developed embryo

Food supply for embryo

A water-proof seed coat to keep from drying out

Sperm transferred in water-proof pollen through pollination by wind or animals.

Developed seed-bearing structures: Cones and Flowers

Seed-Bearing Tracheophytes

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The two Seeded Tracheophyte groups are divided by whether or not they have enclosed seeds -protected inside a fruit or if seeds are exposed to the environment.

Tracheophytes

Seedless

Seeded

Ferns use spores

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

“naked” or exposed seeds

Flowers produce fruit w/ enclosed seeds

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Cycad (Sago palm),

Ginkgo,

Conifer (pine, spruce, firs, cedars, sequoias, redwoods, junipers, yews, & cypress trees)

Gymnosperms- “naked seed”

Sago Palm

Ginkgo

Ginkgo

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Most common gymnosperms are Conifers

Conifers have leaves called needles or scales have a reduced surface area and thick waxy coat on the needle to reduce water loss and prevents freezing.

Gymnosperms-Conifers

Sequoia

Juniper

Pine

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