Satellite Orbits and Uses NIS

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Slide 1

Class Opener: How are Satellites classified? What country launched the first satellite?

Slide 2

Satellite Orbits and Uses

Grade 11 Physics

NIS, Taldykorgan

Mr. Marty

Slide 3

Objectives

describe motion of spacecraft

Derive the expression for escape velocity.

Calculate energy changes in the gravitational field for spacecraft leaving the Earth and the solar system

show an understanding of geostationary orbits and their application

Slide 4

Why do you need to know about Satellites

Russia's Sputnik 1, the world's first man-made satellite was launched from Baykonur Cosmodrome!

Baykonur is used for many Satellite rocket launches!

International Launch Services is an unparalleled success in the space industry setting the standard for Russian-American space cooperation. http://www.ilslaunch.com/about-us/ils-legacy

Baykonur has many jobs for engineers and scientists!

Slide 5

Placing satellites in orbit

DELTA II

TAURUS

TITAN IV

Slide 6

Types of orbits

LEO Low Earth Orbit, Polar

MEO Medium Earth Orbit, polar and elliptical

HEO High Earth Orbit, geostationary

GEO Geosynchronous Orbit

Slide 7

Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO = Polar)

Altitude (600 to 1600 km)

Revolution time: 90 min - 3 hours.

Advantages:

Reduces transmission delay

Eliminates need for bulky receiving equipment.

Disadvantages:

Smaller coverage area.

Shorter life span (5-8 yrs.) than GEOs (10 yrs).

Subdivisions: Little, Big, and Mega (Super) LEOs.

Slide 8

Hubble Telescope

Classification: LEO

Orbit: 375 miles, 600 km.

Revolution time: 100 min.

Speed: 7600 m/s

Concerns: Orbit decay from gravity and solar output. During “solar maximum”, the densities at all altitudes are enhanced, and the drag effects on satellites are much larger than during times of solar minimum.

Slide 9

Geosynchronous-Earth-Orbit (GEO)

Orbit is synchronous with the earths rotation.

From the ground the satellite appears fixed.

Altitude is about 36,000 km.

Coverage to 40% of planet per satellite.