Roman Republic

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Slaves took jobs from the plebs so plebs were given food and other benefits

Slide 16

Collapse of the Republic

Gracchus brothers

Violence used to impose one's will

Marius

Re-election to consulate (many times)

Standing army

Sulla

Assumption of dictator powers

Use of the army to override councils

Proscription list

Slide 17

Julius Caesar 100-44 BC

Early Life

Born to aristocratic family

Caesarian section

Legend that he descended from the gods

Known for partying and sexual appetite

Captured by pirates and held for ransom

Returned to area and killed pirates

Appointed to a series of government jobs

Statue of Alexander

Slide 18

Julius Caesar

Triumvirate

Praised for his work in Spain

Appointed governor in Gaul (conquest)

Alliance with Crassus and Pompey to form the triumvirate (not initially, but later elected)

Rivalry with Pompey after death of Crassus

Crossing the Rubicon

Uprising in Asia

Veni, vidi, vici—I came, I saw, I conquered

Conquest of Egypt

Cleopatra

Slide 19

Julius Caesar

Returned to Rome as a conquering hero

Procession for each territory on a different day (Gaul, Africa, Spain, Asia) and games for many additional days

Offered crown (as emperor) twice and refused it when people didn't respond favorably

Dictator (rule by one man)

Appointed for 10 years and then for life

Caesar’s plans for Rome

Calendar (July)

Libraries, theaters, other public works

Gave citizenship to people in Spain and Gaul

Slide 20

Julius Caesar

Murder of Caesar

Killed by senatorial opponents

Instigated by his usurpation of power and their fear that he would become emperor

Died March 15, 44 BC

Stabbed by 20 senators

Brutus—illegitimate son

Mark Anthony and Octavian

Rallied against the conspirators

Slide 21

Thank You

Slide 22

Collapse of the Republic

Violence used to eliminate enemies and impose one’s will

Gracchus

Re-election to consulate (many times) and standing army

Marius

Assumption of dictator powers, use of the army to override councils, proscription list

Sulla

Slide 23

Roman Republic