Properties of Solutions

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If the ammeter fails to measure a current, and the

bulb does not glow, the solution is non-conducting.

Slide 13

Pure water

Tap water

Sugar solution

Sodium chloride solution

Hydrochloric acid solution

Lactic acid solution

Ethyl alcohol solution

Pure sodium chloride

Try to classify the following substances as electrolytes or nonelectrolytes…

Slide 14

Answers to Electrolytes

ELECTROLYTES:

NONELECTROLYTES:

Tap water (weak)

NaCl solution

HCl solution

Lactate solution (weak)

Pure water

Sugar solution

Ethanol solution

Pure NaCl

Slide 15

Colligative Properties

Colligative properties are those that depend on the concentration of particles in a solution, not upon the identity of those particles.

Boiling Point Elevation

Freezing Point Depression

Osmotic Pressure

Slide 16

Freezing Point Depression

Each mole of solute particles lowers the freezing point of 1 kilogram of water by 1.86 degrees Celsius.

Each mole of nonvolatile solute particles raises the boiling point of 1 kilogram of water by 0.51 degrees Celsius.

Boiling Point Elevation