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Stars and Galaxies
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Slide 31

There are different types of spectra

There are different types of spectra

Continuous

Emission or Bright Line (from ionized gas, like a nebula or a neon sign)

Absorption or dark line (from stars)

Slide 32

Radiation

Radiation

All stars emit radiation

Radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and even some gamma rays

Most sunlight is yellow-green visible light or close to it

The Sun at X-ray wavelengths

Image at http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/sun.html

Image and info at http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/gammaraybursts/imagine/page18.html

.

Slide 33

Using a Star’s Spectrum

Using a Star’s Spectrum

We can use a star’s spectrum to classify it.

NOAO/AURA/NSF image at http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010530.html

Slide 34

Stellar Evolution

Stellar Evolution

Slide 35

Time to Create a Stellar Graph

Time to Create a Stellar Graph

Everyone will receive several “stars”

Place them on the large paper, according to their color and their brightness

This is a version of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Slide 36

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Slide 37

Young stars form in nebulae from Small Magellanic Cloud

Young stars form in nebulae from Small Magellanic Cloud

Slide 38

Star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Slide 39

Stellar Evolution

Slide 40

Interstellar “eggs”

Interstellar “eggs”

Movie at

Slide 41

Our Sun is a Regular/ Small Star

Our Sun is a Regular/ Small Star

On the “Main Sequence”

Slide 42

In a few Billion years… Red Giant

In a few Billion years… Red Giant

Slide 43

Our Sun’s Habitable Zone

Our Sun’s Habitable Zone

Billions of years ago, things may have been different

The Sun was cooler (by up to 30%!)

Earth’s atmosphere was different (thicker, carbon dioxide)

Conditions will be different in the future

By many accounts, increases in the Sun’s temperature will make Earth uninhabitable in 1 billion years or less

These changes will also affect other planets… Mars?

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