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The principal energy levels are designated by the quantum no. n.

Allowed values of n:

Each e- in an atom can be found only in certain allowed principal energy levels (shells) (designated by the q. no. n)

Slide 20

Larger the value of n, the more likely we are to find the e- at a larger distance from the nucleus with a larger energy (not as stable).

Larger the value of n, the more likely we are to find the e- at a larger distance from the nucleus with a larger energy (not as stable).

Each energy level is subdivided into . The number of sublevels in an energy level is equal to the

Slide 21

n = 1

n = 1

n = 2

n=4

Slide 22

No. of electrons in a principal energy level

No. of electrons in a principal energy level

Each principal energy level can hold at most _ electrons

So n= 1

n= 2

n = 5

Slide 23

Sublevels

Sublevels

Principal energy levels are subdivided into sublevels.

Sublevels have the designation s, p, d, f and in terms of energy s<p<d<f.

The value of n tells us how many sublevels are in a principal energy level.

Slide 24

So for n = 1 there is one sublevel . The 1 gives us the principal energy level and the s tells us the type of orbital that is found in that sublevel.

So for n = 1 there is one sublevel . The 1 gives us the principal energy level and the s tells us the type of orbital that is found in that sublevel.

For n =2 we have and sublevels making up that energy level.

For n= 3 we have

For n =4 we have

For n=5 we have

We don’t worry about any type of orbital (sublevel) beyond f.

Slide 25

Orbitals

Orbitals

An orbital is a region in space where there is a large probability of finding an electron.

Each orbital can hold at most _ electrons. So an orbital can be

Types of orbitals are designated by the s, p, d, f letters.

Slide 26

The s sublevel is made up of _ orbital shaped like a sphere and can hold at most _ electrons.

The s sublevel is made up of _ orbital shaped like a sphere and can hold at most _ electrons.

The p sublevel is made up of orbitals. Since each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the set of p sublevels can hold a total of _ electrons.

Slide 27

The d sublevel is made up of orbitals. Since each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the set of d sublevels can hold a total of _ electrons.

The d sublevel is made up of orbitals. Since each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the set of d sublevels can hold a total of _ electrons.

The f sublevel is made up of orbitals. Since each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the set of f sublevels can hold a total of electrons.

Slide 28

Orbitals

Slide 29

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