A Tour of the Cell

Page
7

A plant cell or fungal cell may have one or several vacuoles

Slide 51

Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis

Contractile vacuoles, found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells

Central vacuoles, found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

Video: Paramecium Vacuole

Slide 52

Fig. 6-15

Central vacuole

Cytosol

Central vacuole

Nucleus

Cell wall

Chloroplast

5 µm

Slide 53

The Endomembrane System: A Review

The endomembrane system is a complex and dynamic player in the cell’s compartmental organization

Slide 54

Fig. 6-16-1

Smooth ER

Nucleus

Rough ER

Plasma membrane

Slide 55

Fig. 6-16-2

Smooth ER

Nucleus

Rough ER

Plasma membrane

cis Golgi

trans Golgi

Slide 56

Fig. 6-16-3

Smooth ER

Nucleus

Rough ER

Plasma membrane

cis Golgi

trans Golgi

Slide 57

Concept 6.5: Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another

Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP

Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis

Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles

Slide 58

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Are not part of the endomembrane system

Have a double membrane

Have proteins made by free ribosomes

Contain their own DNA

Slide 59

Mitochondria: Chemical Energy Conversion

Mitochondria are in nearly all eukaryotic cells

They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae

The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix

Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalyzed in the mitochondrial matrix

Cristae present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP

Slide 60

Fig. 6-17

Free ribosomes

in the mitochondrial matrix

Intermembrane space

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Cristae

Matrix

0.1 µm

Slide 61

Chloroplasts: Capture of Light Energy