The ATOM

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The ATOM

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Atoms

the basic building block of all matter

the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

electrically neutral: the number of positive charges (protons) equals the number of negative charges (electrons)

composed of 3 subatomic particles: protons (p+), electrons (e-) and neutrons (no)

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Models of the Atom - History

Democritus a fifth century B.C. Greek philosopher proposed that all matter was composed of indivisible particles called atoms (“atoma” - Greek for indivisible).

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John Dalton (1803)- Billiard Ball

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John Dalton (1803)

Billiard Ball Model

viewed the atom as a small solid sphere. He really got the "ball" rolling for modern chemistry!

Each element was composed of the same kind of atoms.

Compounds are composed of atoms in specific ratios.

Chemical reactions are rearrangements of atoms (mass is conserved).

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J. J. Thomson (1897) – Plum Pudding

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J. J. Thomson (1897)

Plum Pudding Model

proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive electricity with negative particles imbedded throughout after discovering the electron

a discovery for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1906.

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Ernest Rutherford (1908) - Nuclear

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Ernest Rutherford (1908)

discovered that the atom is mostly empty space with a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons.

Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1908 for his contributions into the structure of the atom.

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Neils Bohr (1913)

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Neils Bohr (1913)

proposed that electrons traveled in circular orbits and that only certain orbits were allowed.