Basic Structure of a Cell

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Slide 1

Basic Structure of a Cell

Slide 2

Introduction to Cells

Cells are the basic units of organisms

Cells can only be observed under microscope

Basic types of cells:

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Bacterial Cell

Slide 3

Number of Cells

Organisms may be:

Unicellular – composed of one cell

Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

Slide 4

Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles

Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

Slide 5

Prokaryotes

Nucleoid region contains the DNA

Cell membrane & cell wall

Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

Slide 6

Eukaryotic Cell

Contain 3 basic cell structures:

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm with organelles

Slide 7

Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Slide 8

Organelles

Very small size

Can only be observed under a microscope

Have specific functions

Found throughout cytoplasm

Slide 9

Organelles Found in Cells

Examples of Organelles include:

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement

Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins

Nucleolus – makes ribosomes

Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes

Ribosomes – makes proteins

Slide 10

Golgi Bodies

Stacks of flattened sacs

Have a shipping side & a receiving side

Receive & modify proteins made by ER

Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends

Transport vesicle

Slide 11

Lysosome

Contain digestive enzymes

Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells

Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)