Minerals

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Slide 1

Minerals are naturally-occurring inorganic substances with a definite and predictable chemical composition and physical properties

Slide 2

Classification of Minerals

Metallic Ferrous

Non-ferrous

Precious

Non-metallic

Energy Minerals

Slide 3

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS

METALLIC

ENERGY

NON - METALLIC

FERROUS

PRECIOUS

NON - FERROUS

Slide 4

Ferrous – Iron Ore, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt

Non-ferrous – Copper, Lead, Tin, Bauxite

Precious – Gold, Silver, Platinum

Non-metallic – Mica, Salt, Potash, Sulphur

Energy Minerals – Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas

Slide 5

Ore

A mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted

Slide 6

All Minerals are Ore

but

All Ore are not Minerals

Slide 7

Occurance of minerals

Minerals generally occur in the form:

Igneous and Metamorphic rocks

Sedimentary rocks

Decomposition of surface rocks

Slide 8

Iron

Iron Ore is the basic mineral and is the backbone of Industrial development. Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron. Hematite ore is the most important industrial iron ore.

Slide 9

Metallurgy of Iron

Iron is found in great abundance in nature. It is highly reactive and is hardly available in free state. Iron exists in the combined form in nature in various minerals among which oxide and sulphide ores of iron are vastly used.

Slide 10

Most common Ores of Iron

Hematite Fe2O3

Limonite Fe2O3.3H2O

Magnetite Fe3O4

Siderite FeCO3

Iron pyrite FeS2

Copper pyrite CuFeS2

Slide 11

Metallurgy

Dressing of ore

pulverization

Concentration of ore

removal of moisture, volatile impurities

converting sulphur, phosphorus into their oxides

converting ferrous to ferric oxide

Reduction of ore

smelting

Slide 12