How Elements Bond

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Slide 1

Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic bonding

Slide 2

Bond Formation

The positive sodium ion and the negative chloride ion are strongly attracted to each other.

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This attraction, which holds the ions close together, is a type of chemical bond called an ionic bond.

Slide 3

Bond Formation

The compound sodium chloride, or table salt, is formed.

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A compound is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Slide 4

More Gains and Losses

Can elements lose or gain more than one electron?

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The element magnesium, Mg, in Group 2 has two electrons in its outer energy level.

Magnesium can lose these two electrons and achieve a completed energy level.

Slide 5

More Gains and Losses

Some atoms, such as oxygen, need to gain two electrons to achieve stability.

How Elements Bond

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The two electrons released by one magnesium atom could be gained by a single atom of oxygen.

When this happens, magnesium oxide (MgO) is formed.

Slide 6

Convalent Bonds—Sharing

Some atoms are unlikely to lose or gain electrons because the number of electrons in their outer levels makes this difficult.

How Elements Bond

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The alternative is sharing electrons.

Slide 7

The Convalent Bond

The chemical bond that forms between nonmetal atoms when they share electrons is called a covalent bond.

How Elements Bond

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Slide 8

The Convalent Bond

Shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms.

How Elements Bond

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They move back and forth between the outer energy levels of each atom in the covalent bond.

So, each atom has a stable outer energy level some of the time.

Slide 9

The Convalent Bond

The neutral particle is formed when atoms share electrons is called a molecule

How Elements Bond

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Slide 10

The Convalent Bond

How Elements Bond

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A molecule is the basic unit of a molecular compound.

Slide 11