The Joule is the SI system unit for measuring heat:
The calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree
1 BTU is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 F
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The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius.
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s = Specific Heat Capacity
q = Heat lost or gained
T = Temperature change